Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest means the absence of contraction or inappropriate contraction of heart chambers immediately lead to the cessation of circulation of blood.

The cause of

A large number of causes that lead to cardiac arrest, primarily to the ventricular fibrillation, bradyarrhythmia, asystole, ischemic heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, mikarditisi, insufincijencija heart, conduction system disease, and others.

The clinical picture

Cardiac arrest is characterized by sudden loss of consciousness due to cessation of cerebral circulation.Cessation of respiration always follows the cessation of circulation and are usually recorded several deep respirations before the cessation of breathing. There is cyanosis (pomodrelost) A deepening. Pulse can not be felt beyond the pupil and after 1 minute the part, and after 2 minutes fully dilated. Time of termination of the circulation to vital functions are preserved at the level of cells known as clinical death. After 4 to 6 minutes caused irreversible brain damage and biological death.

Diagnosis

The patient was pulseless over large blood vessels, no heartbeat and no pressure, skin color is pale or cijanotična, respiratory movements are absent. The mechanism of cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation, asystole or bradyarrhythmia, elektromehaniča dissociation) can not be distinguished without ECG registration. All patients who survived cardiac arrest should be careful clinical examination, which, in addition to medical history and physical examination, including a 24-hour ECG test, the test load may exertion, ultrasound and coronary angiography.

Treatment

Should immediately start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR is performed by blowing air exhaled by the resuscitator mouth to mouth or mouth to nose. Lips patients are cleared of foreign content, they are placed over tissue or something like that. Reanimator is with the patient, one hand underline under the door (and slightly below), neck lifts patient's head spontaneously falls back below the vertex towards the back. Use your thumb and index finger close nostrils second hand, palm of the same hand pressure head and pushes her head down as much as possible and back to the chin take the top position. A deep breath, put a mouth to mouth, and the patient blows air making sure that the coverage of your lips lips covered volume of patients, because it avoids the loss of air. Then reanimator frees patients mouth to allow air to uduvani out spontaneously. The first ten blowing out quickly and repeatedly and then proceed to blow straight to the rhythm of normal breathing (12 - 14 min). Checking blowing performance is evaluated emergence of synchronous movement of the chest.

External heart massage should be started as soon as you stop or severely weakened heart. It is performed by a steady, strong pressure in the connection area of ​​the upper two thirds and lower third of the sternum (breastbone). The suppression of the sternum to the spine from 3.5 to 5 cm is transferred to the heart. The person who helps raise the patient's legs Reanimator to move more blood to the heart and brain. About 2 cm above the end of the breastbone to place the root of the palm of one hand over the other hand its roots. The arms are extended at the elbows and shoulders above the sternum, so as the body weight is transferred to the resuscitator of his hand, it would be more efficient compression of the heart. Fingers placed his hands are not touching the chest. Hands are not separate areas of the sternum following compressions. Rhythm is 80-100 compressions per minute, and after every fifth compression is done once blow air at which point the compression is not performed. If resuscitation performed by two people, with the same rhythm of heart compression performed two uzastpona blowing every 15 compressions. Checking the performance is done after one minute of CPR. Signs of success CPR: palpated the pulse of the arteries in the neck or legs, dilated pupils are maximum (extended), improves your skin color, muscle tone occurs, the chest spontaneously and rhythmically driven.