Atherogenic dyslipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is one of the means of dyslipidemia and increased cholesterol and / or triglycerides, low HDL (high density lipoprotein) in the blood plasma, which contributes to faster development of atherosclerosis.

Classification

Basic classification of dyslipidemia in the primary, secondary and is characterized by an increased cholesterol only (isolated hyperlipidemia), only triglyceride (isolated hypertriglyceridemia), or increase the value of both components (combined hyperlipidemia).

The cause of

The primary cause of single or multiple gene mutations that result in increased production and reduced breakdown of triglycerides and LDL (low density lipoproteins) cholesterol and increased production or breakdown of defective HDL (high density lipoproteins). Secondary causes contribute to the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the elderly. The most important reasons are lifestyle without exercise with excessive intake of saturated fats, cholesterol and semi-unsaturated fatty acids. Other common secondary causes are diabetes mellitus, excessive alcohol use, chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, primary biliary cirrhosis and the consumption of certain drugs (thiazides, β-blockers, estrogen, glucocorticoids).

Symptoms

Hyperlipidemia itself is asymptomatic but can lead to symptomatic vascular diseases, including coronary and peripheral artery disease. High levels of triglycerides can cause acute pancreatitis. The increase in LDL causes the tendon xanthomas elbows, knees and metacarpophalangeal joints. Patients with high levels of triglycerides can have eruptive xanthomas on the trunk, back, knees, hands and feet.Extreme lipid levels can be set to give milk plasma.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made by measuring serum lipids. Background checks (lipid) includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. Considered elevated values> 6:28 for total cholesterol> 2.28 mmol / L and triglycerides of> 4:11 mmol / L for LDL cholesterol. Pathological values ​​are considered to be outside of HDL 1:03 to 1:55.

Treatment

Treatment is indicated in all patients with cardiovascular disease. The goal of therapy is to reduce the increased value triglicerdida, LDL and HDL normalization. The treatment involves changing modes of life including diet with reduced intake of saturated fats, cholesterol and maintaining ideal body weight.Lipostatini are the drugs of choice, their action is based on inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase.