Atherosclerosis

Arteries are muscular-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If you are healthy, their inner walls with a smooth and flexible enough to adapt to changes in the final blood pressure, and blood passes through them freely. However, sometimes occur on the inner wall of the fatty streak, most likely due to pressure on places where the arteries branch or where the wall is slightly damaged. Fatty streak grows more and more damage artery walls and eventually can turn into a hard mass of adipose tissue, which damages the wall, reducing the elasticity of arteries, narrowing the vessel and obstructs blood circulation. Adipose tissue is known as atheroma, atheroma large masses called plates, and the name of the disorder is atherosclerosis, which literally means "hardening of the atheroma." Atherosclerosis is an important factor that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis

Almost no symptoms until damage appears greater. When symptoms develop, usually after many years, this happens because the body is not circulation, and symptoms depend on which part is damaged. Thus, for example. You only have cramps in my legs after exercise, but you can infest and stroke, kidney failure, angina pectoris, or heart attack.

The incidence of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is common in the West. There are many cases without symptoms and therefore do not have exact figures, but during the autopsy of people killed in traffic accidents revealed that the degree of the disorder is almost universal, especially among men. Atherosclerosis affects children. This is because atherosclerosis is associated with high fat and cholesterol in the bloodstream. Most people in the West eat a lot of fatty foods or foods rich in cholesterol, for example. meat, butter and eggs, which is probably the main cause of the incidence of atherosclerosis.

If you are a man of any age or women over 35 years, with much to eat fatty foods, more likely to get atherosclerosis, and if you smoke, if you have any kidney disease, diabetes or high blood pressure. Of course, atherosclerosis worsens with age.

The dangers of atherosclerosis

Severe atherosclerosis can exist without obvious bad consequences. Many parts of the body is not supplied with blood only a particular artery and its branches, but the lower branches of adjacent arteries: one need not be affected even though the main supply channel severely damaged. When the blood supply from the main artery runs dry, the other arteries can sometimes compensate for the shortfall, so to expand, and the total blood supply, and almost not at risk. And for some body tissues that rely on blood supply from an artery no bad consequences, even though the channel is significantly reduced, because the normal blood supply usually exceeds the actual need.

Therefore, damage from atherosclerosis may be small for years, but no. However, it is likely that the narrowing of arteries due to the occurrence of one part of the body panels, depending on the artery or one of its branches, will remain without a final blood. If this occurs in the coronary arteries that supply the heart, there is a risk of angina pectoris or heart attack. If you are affected by cerebral arteries (those supplying the brain) can lead to stroke. It is possible to damage the kidneys, causing kidney failure or dry gangrene in the hand or foot.

What to do?

Do not wait until symptoms develop. Symptoms are a sign of consequences and unpleasant consequences occur as the disease progressed for years. Suppose now that you and your children at risk and that risk may be higher if one of your neighbors' relatives have a heart disease or suffered a stroke. Now, should take measures of self-help which I have recommended below. They will help you to prevent or slow the development of atherosclerosis.

Scientific studies show that the fatty streak on the inner artery wall may seem to disappear, but nothing can be done when it has created the panel. After some time in the development of atherosclerosis is a thorough treatment can reduce the possibility of another attack, but the disorder can progress to the stage where nothing can prevent a heart attack. This does not mean you have to ask the doctor to immediately conduct a search to determine if you already have atherosclerosis. These results are complex and expensive, a self-help measures would have to satisfy almost everyone.

However, consult your doctor if you are in your family there is someone with the disorder of the heart or blood flow, if you know someone from your immediate family has a high content of fat in the blood or if you suffer from diabetes. If so, then it is justified to consider the possibility of diagnostic tests to determine drug therapy.

Doctors will tell you to perform a search of cholesterol in the blood (before the results may not eat for several hours). In addition you will obviously have to control blood pressure, may be required and other tests, eg.chest x-ray to determine heart size or detection of calcium deposits in places where it is suspected to atherosclerosis, then an electrocardiogram (EKG) and arteriogram.

Treatment of atherosclerosis

Self-help: Since the development of a severe form of arteriosclerosis associated with the content of cholesterol in the blood, reduce the intake of animal fats and other saturated (dairy) fat. Eat poultry and fish instead of pork, beef and lamb. Remove the fat from the meat and bake it rather than fry on the grill. Because your egg meets almost the entire daily amount of cholesterol, limit the amount of eggs to 3 per week. Avoid creams and sweets; use margarine, which has a high content of polyunsaturated fats instead of butter, eat more fruits and vegetables, cooking oil, use the label "high in polyunsaturated fat," for example. seed and sunflower oil, not oil labeled "vegetable oil" without further explanation.

There is no clear link between obesity and smoking and atherosclerosis. No. obese people and heavy smokers as they are known as particularly sensitive to disturbances that most of them caused by atherosclerosis. So be sensible. Stop smoking, even if it were not overweight because you are at the risk of lung cancer. If you have to do that even obese, dieting to lose weight that you use to get rid of excess fat.

Finally, regular physical activity. Moderate physical activity can prevent the development of atherosclerosis and reduce the possibility of its serious consequences. But do not overdo it. Consult your doctor if you think that you could harm the physical activity.

Professional help: the doctor will help you by controlling your blood pressure and healing you from hypertension, if necessary. If you have an abnormally high content of cholesterol in your blood, your doctor may prescribe a means to reduce it if you take it regularly (well, some of these assets cause side effects, for example. Slightly increased risk of gallbladder disease).

www.zdravosrce.blogspot.com

Useful information about health and healthy diet you can find on:

www.medicineadviser.blogspot.com

www.haelthydiet.blogspot.com

Angina pectoris

Angina pectoris is not a disease itself, but is also known as pain arising when the muscular wall of the heart temporarily run out of oxygen. Coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood, they can usually meet the increased need, but the limited ability of coronary arteries in patients with coronary sclerosis and high blood pressure, or in people who have, which is rarely, heart failure or anemia. In such circumstances, the supply of oxygen to the heart may be sufficient for some activities, but when insufficient physical activity - and sometimes large differences in temperature or a high need for excitement increases beyond a certain threshold. When man ceases to engage in other activities, the demand for oxygen and decreases the pain disappear.

Symptoms of angina pectoris

The main symptom is pain in the center of the chest. The pain may spread to the throat and upper jaw and the back of the hands (usually the left). They are blunt, horrible pains that suffocate, and occur during typical physical activities and disappear after the activity. Pain can occur less often in the hands, wrists or neck, but angina will easily recognize if you find that the pains intensify whenever you are unusually active or excited, and disappear after the activity or when the excitement has passed. Additional symptoms that often accompany pain include difficulty breathing, sweating, nausea and dizziness.

The incidence of angina pectoris

Angina pectoris is a common, although there are no precise data, since many do not pay a doctor because these symptoms, a patient usually does not stay in the hospital. In men it usually occurs after 30 years and almost always the result of coronary sclerosis. It seems that angina in women occurs later, though, as with men, the most common cause of coronary sclerosis, other causes are more common in women than in men. Heavy smokers or overweight people are more prone to angina pectoris.

The dangers of angina pectoris

Because the symptoms of angina pectoris before, but the disease, the danger posed by the condition that causes angina pectoris. Heart can be left without oxygen to the extent that there is a risk of a heart attack. In time, can cause angina pectoris harmless causes, and it may take longer. In this case, the patient is forced to all passive life. Unfortunately, there is evidence that passive way of life even further gives rise to angina pectoris during an activity or excitement, so the "victim" trapped in a vicious circle.

What to do?

If you think you have angina attacks, consult a physician. Some causes can be corrected with drugs, the doctor will give you a means of relief. Consult a doctor if pain lasts longer than 5 minutes after cessation of activity or if the frequency and length of seizures rapidly increase.

After examination the doctor will probably take a blood sample to detect a thyroid disorder, anemia or other possible causes of chest pain. It is recommended to examine the content of lipids (fats) in the blood, in which case you must remove the blood in the morning on an empty stomach.

Urine examination shall be established if you have diabetes (diabetic are more prone to heart disease).Hospital diagnostic tests, which may also be necessary, include chest x-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG) and coronary arteriogram. While the X-ray and ECG are often part of the normal procedure for evaluation of heart disease, arteriogram is usually recorded only if the doctor suspects (based on the results of others, not so complex search) that is quite advanced coronary sclerosis.

X-ray will examine the signs of cardiac effort, for example. enlarged heart. ECG will measure the electrical impulses that pass through the heart in order to confirm whether the pain actually occur because of angina pectoris. ECG will also show how much of the heart is affected by coronary sclerosis. Arteriogram, which requires injection of contrast material (dye) into the bloodstream, and then X-ray of the coronary arteries, will show exactly where the place of the arteries are narrowed or blocked.

Treatment of angina pectoris

Self-help: If you smoke, stop smoking or reduce the amount of cigarettes as much as possible. If you are overweight, follow the reasonable child (of 1000 kilocalories or

41 868 kJ a day is ideal). No, do not let angina pectoris, you should not reduce physical activity, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. You will quickly learn that the permitted limit your physical activity. Relax, especially when driving a car. In some communities there are local clubs for self-protection from excessive weight.

Professional help: If (and when) to establish the underlying cause of angina, your doctor will treat the disease, and angina will disappear if treatment fails. However, a frequent cause of coronary sclerosis and the doctor will focus attention to the fact that it does not deteriorate, and to facilitate the obstacles and difficulties which it creates itself angina pectoris.

There are many medications that will temporarily increase the supply of blood to the heart muscle. It is important to take exactly the doctor's instructions. These medicines are usually given in a pill, a doctor will probably advise you to dissolve the tablet under the tongue at the moment when he begins the onset of angina pectoris. If you know that an activity, for example. climbing stairs in your office, always triggers of angina pectoris rather take a pill before, not waiting for the onset of chest pain. If you're stressed, you may need to take the sedative.

Unpleasant side effects of pills that dissolve under the tongue, is often a headache. A headache is usually mild, and should not be a reason for discontinuation of therapy. If you head really hurts after taking whole tablets and broke it, and put under the tongue of only pills.

Among other assets, which are used to control angina, doctors usually prescribe a group of funds called beta adrenergic blocking

agents or, abbreviated, beta-blockers. Beta blockers reduce the heart's need for oxygen slowing the heart rate.Lack of funds is that they must be taken exactly as your doctor's instruction, because excessive doses can cause dizziness, fainting or other side effects. You should never suddenly stop taking these funds, the dose should be reduced gradually. In certain circumstances, your doctor may not even be given, for example. If you have asthma. Keep the instructions of self that we recommend them to you, and you will reduce the need for medication.

Most patients did not require surgery (and not from him or had used). But if angina pectoris, caused by aortic stenosis, your doctor may recommend a replacement heart valve. If the cause of coronary sclerosis, your doctor may recommend surgery if they have blocked many parts of the network of coronary arteries or if angina pectoris can not be controlled by medication. Surgery (bypass) coronary artery - usually significantly reduces the symptoms but not cure the underlying causes of coronary sclerosis, which may later expand to other arteries.

Long-term prospects

Forecasts are much better than is generally thought. If your doctor has just diagnosed with angina pectoris, otherwise you're healthy, you have 50% seems to call for another 10 to 12 years, but pretty good chance that I may live much longer.

www.zdravosrce.blogspot.com

Useful information about health and healthy diet you can find on:

www.medicineadviser.blogspot.com

www.haelthydiet.blogspot.com

Heart attack

Definition

Disorder in which damage occurs to the area of ​​heart muscle because of its insufficient supply of oxygen.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Causes of the clot or a spasm of the arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood (coronary arteries). This and other similar states are blocking the flow of oxygen to the heart area, causing damage or death of cells in the area. This is usually in a coronary artery that is narrowed due to changes caused by atherosclerosis. Damaged tissue forever lose the ability of the contraction of heart muscle.

Risk factors are: smoking, hypertension, hypotension, diabetes mellitus, foods high in fat, high cholesterol levels (LDL), obesity, people over 65 years of age and hereditary factors. At the same time, the disease affects more men of the population. Increase the risk of personal or family preference coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vessel disease, angina (especially unstable angina) or renal failure requiring hemodialysis. "Trigger" for me sometimes, though rarely, it can be an unexpected high stress. In the elderly may be a risk factor in defecation straining.

Acute MI annually affects about two out of 1000 people and is the most common cause of sudden death in adults.

Symptoms

The main symptom of MI is chest pain. However, in many cases it is mild, even nonexistent, especially in elderly and diabetic patients. Other symptoms such as weakness, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting can be dominant.

chest pain below the sternum

backache

abdominal pains

pain in the chest, arms and shoulders (see the pain in the shoulder)

pain in the neck, jaw and teeth (see: toothache, sore face)

backache

duration of pain is prolonged, typically over 20 minutes

angina-like pain that never ceases to bed rest or by taking nitroglycerin

longer any pain in the chest, back or abdomen

Pain is:

as for "indigestion"

intense, strong, weak, there is

has the character of shrinkage or weight, belt-tightening around the chest

like "an elephant sitting on chest"

shortness of breath

cough

dizziness

loss of consciousness

nausea

vomit

sweating profusely, which can be (diaphoresis)

dry mouth

sense of "near death"

restlessness

Other symptoms that may be associated with disease are:

cramps

exhaustion

temporary cessation of breathing

shortness of breath, the need for laying

blood pressure (low, high, normal)

behavior (and unusually agitated)

Note: Number of cases most likely to deny having a heart attack. Symptoms may be absent ("silent attack").

Signs and tests

Scanning is usually establishes a rapid pulse. Blood pressure may be normal, high or low. Stethoscope (auscultation) may detect crackles in the lungs, heart murmur and other abnormal sounds.

ECG, single or repeated over 2-3 days is often reveals MI.

MI size and cardiac damage can be diagnosed by the following tests:

coronary angiography

ventriculography (MUGA or Rnv)

echocardiography

ergometry

Byproducts of heart damage and factors that indicate the MI determined by laboratory tests (LDH, LDH isoenzymes, CPK, CPK isoenzymes, etc.).

Treatment

Acute MI requiring immediate medical intervention

Usually need hospital treatment lasting 1-14 days. It is necessary to immediately begin monitoring the ECG for arrhythmias during the first few hours after acute MI can be fatal. The goal of treatment is to reduce cardiac workload in order to prevent possible complications and eliminate the current. At first, limit physical activity, and then gradually increase. In emergency drugs and infusion solutions are given intravenous catheter.Depending on the general condition can be applied to invasive diagnostic methods. To directly monitor the status of body fluids enter the urinary catheter. It is usually given oxygen, even if its level in normal blood, which ensures fast supply of tissues and reduce the burden on the heart.

Limit feeding is not inevitable, but if the food is indicated not contain much salt, caffeine should be free and low fat content.

Medicines

Morfijje analgesic that is generally given for pain management.

Nitratikao example. nitroglycerin, are given pain relief and reduction of cardiac oxygen consumption.

Beta-blockers (atenolol) reduce cardiac workload.

Digitalis improves heart function as a pump.

Channel blockers kalcijasmanjuju oxygen consumption in heart muscle. They can prescribe diuretics and antiarrhythmics.

Therapy with thrombolytics (anticoagulants) typically begins within 6 hours after the first chest pain. Initial therapy consists of intravenous infusion of anticoagulant (streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator) and immediately after intravenous infusion of heparin. Heparin is given over 48-72 hours. In addition to giving oral aspirin and warfarin to prevent thrombus formation. Thrombolytics therapy is contraindicated in cases of minor surgery, organ biopsy or major trauma experienced back 6 weeks, then a recent neurosurgical procedure, head trauma back a month, history of GI (gastrointestinal) bleeding, intracranial tumors, stroke back 6 months or pregnancy.

Bleeding and hemorrhage are potential complications of therapy with thrombolytics.

Surgical Procedure

Some patients need to make an emergency surgery.

Forecasts

The outcome depends on the size and location of damaged tissue. Damage to the electroconductive system (impulses that control heart rate) worse prognosis. In one third of cases the outcome is fatal. If the patient survives 2 hours after the attack, the greater the possibility of his survival, but complications were not excluded.If not, complete recovery is possible. MI does not cause disability, and sufferers can gradually return to normal life and normal activities, including sex.

Complications

Arrhythmias like. ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, heart block, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, an extension of the affected heart tissue, pericarditis, a complication of treatment (eg, use of thrombolytics during treatment increases the risk of bleeding).

Contact your doctor

If you feel lancinating chest pain or any symptoms of acute MI, go to the doctor on duty or call an ambulance (telephone 94).

Prevention

Whenever you are able to control your risk factors. Control your blood pressure and total cholesterol, reduce or stop smoking, change diet (increase the intake of high-density lipoprotein and reduce your intake of low-density lipoprotein), if you need a test for diabetes if you are obese remove excess weight. Engage in exercise to improve cardiovascular status. (Prior to this, consult your doctor). After MI is important to be under constant medical control to reduce the risk of new MI. Many recommended rehabilitation program that promotes a gradual return to normal life. Follow the exercise program, diet and / or prescribed medication.

www.zdravosrce.blogspot.com

Useful information about health and healthy diet you can find on:

www.medicineadviser.blogspot.com

www.haelthydiet.blogspot.com

Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease is also known as heart disease or atherosclerosis. It is a thickening of blood vessels caused by fatty deposits called plaque. The heart must receive oxygen and nutrients for your good work. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the heart through blood vessels called arteries. As the plaque builds up, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. Reduction of blood flow can cause chest pain, shortness of breath or may get a heart attack.

Symptoms

Coronary artery disease may be no symptoms or have the following symptoms:

• Pain or pressure in chest, arm, jaw, shoulders or neck, which can be spread from one place to another,

• a sense of pressure, weight, squeezing or burning,

• sweating

• shortness of breath,

• nausea,

• Feeling very tired, dizzy or faint.

Risk Factors

The person is at greater risk of developing coronary artery disease if:

• has a family history of disease,

• have high cholesterol, diabetes or high blood pressure,

• smoke or use tobacco,

• physically inactive,

• exposed to stress,

• are overweight.

By changing even just one risk factor may lead to improved heart health. You can prevent progression of the disease, and even improve health.

Him

The goal is to improve blood flow to the heart muscle and reduce the risk of heart attack. Care may include:

• Drug,

• exercise

• a diet low in fat,

• treatment or surgery,

• cardiac rehabilitation program.

No matter what kind of care is implemented, it does not "cure" disease. You throw out your risk factors and follow your plan of care.

www.zdravosrce.blogspot.com

Useful information about health and healthy diet you can find on:

www.medicineadviser.blogspot.com

www.haelthydiet.blogspot.com